INFO WORLD

PAPILLEDEMA IN RELATION TO OPHTHALMOLOGY:
The early diagnosis of papilledema is important and in the incipient stages it may be difficult to differentiate from papillitis and pseudopapillitis. Papilledema should make one strongly suspect the presence of brain tumor, but it should be considered as a late rather than an early diagnostic sign.
Greater swelling of the disc [...]

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Retinal detachment is a separation between the retina and choroid. A result of the separation is ischemia of the photoreceptors. If the separation is
not quickly resolved, and blood supply restored, photoreceptors will begin dying, leading to irreversible blindness.Focal detachments, involving a small part of the retina, will cause a defect in the visual field (scotoma). [...]

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Clinical Signs Of Retinal Detachment
➟ Blind eye (no menace response)
➟ Fixed dilated pupil. A consensual PLR will be pres-ent when stimulating the contralateral eye.
➟ When performing an Ophthalmoscopic examination, the clinician will find it difficult to focus on the retina (since it moved from its natural place). It is possible to see a “sheet” floating [...]

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A. Pathogenesis
➟ An acquired disease of an unknown cause, typically appearing in middle-aged (female) dogs
➟ The history provided is one of sudden onset blind- ness.
➟ The typical patient is “cushinoid”:

In many dogs, owners will report a history of lethargy, weight gain and PU/PD during the last few months.
Bloodwork is also suggestive of Cushing’s disease
Diagnosis

➟ Blind [...]

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Optic Neuritis
Probably the most common optic nerve disease that causes blindness
Cause
An inflammation of the optic nerve that can be caused by:
➟ Any cause of meningitis
➟ Infectious causes – distemper, fungal diseases (e.g., Cryptococcus), toxoplasma, bacteremia… In many of the systemic disease, the ocular signs may be the presenting complaint.
➟ Neoplasia, trauma or an abscess in [...]

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Taurine Deficiency/ Retinal Degeneration (FCRD) & Progressive Retinal Atrophy ( PRA )
Clinical signs FCRD :
Initially tapetal hyperreflectivity due to retinal thinning in area centralis, Progresses to linear region of hyperreflectivity along the tapetal-non tapetal junction, Late stage is diffuse hyperreflectivity
Cause FCRD:
Dietary deficiency – 500-750 ppm is recommended requirement to prevent retinal disease
Associated with feeding [...]

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Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. It is a medical emergency.
Causes
Detached retinas have many causes. An injury to the eye [...]

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Diagnosis and Treatment of chorioretinitis
The causes of chorioretinitis largely parallel those, which were discussed in consideration of anterior uveitis. Infectious, immune mediated causes and neoplasms (usually metastatic) are commonly involved. As with anterior uveitis the presence of bilateral lesions sharply increases the suspicion of underlying systemic disease.
Workup involves a thorough physical and ocular examination, minimum [...]

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What is ocular myiasis (OM)?
Myiasis (my-EYE-uh-sis) is defined as the invasion of living animal tissue by fly larvae (maggots). When larvae invade the eye, this condition is termed ocular myiasis (OM) or ophthalmomyiasis (op-THAL-mo-my-EYE-uh-sis). Larvae most commonly attack the lids or conjunctiva (external ophthalmomyiasis). In rare instances they may penetrate into the eyeball itself (internal [...]

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Corneal lipidosis
Corneal lipidosis, also called corneal dystrophy or lipid keratopathy, is a condition where fat (usually cholesterol) or minerals (calcium) is deposited under the surface of the cornea.
Causes
Diet or trauma are primary causes for lipip deposits into the cornea, but congenital inheritance is not ruled out.
Diagnosis
It is based on a complete ophthalmic examination and a [...]

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